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オーストラリア不動産関連用語集

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Accelerated Payment:
Choosing to pay off the loan faster by making higher repayments.
Acceptance:
Agreeing to the terms and conditions of an offer or contract.
Account Fees:
The fees charged by the lender which partially cover the ongoing costs to the lender of administering the loan.
Accrued Interest:
This is interest that the borrower owes or is owed but which has yet to be paid.
Act of God:
A term in insurance policies covering damage to property by natural events such as storms, earthquakes, floods and so on. Policies vary in what they cover and should be checked carefully in this area.
Adjustments:
On the day of settlement, these are adjustments to the final price to take account money owed or credits for such things as rates, electricity and so on.
Agent:
A company or person appointed to represent a client in the sale or purchase of a property.
Amenity:
Usually a non-tangible asset that adds to the value of a property, such as water views, access to public transport, good local schools etc.
Amortisation:
The process by which the principal and interest of a loan are paid off over time
Annuity:
A regular, often guaranteed, amount usually paid annually.
Application Fee:
Some lenders will charge this fee to cover the cost of processing your application
Appraised Value:
The value of a property used for estimating the security of the loan.
Appreciation:
The amount your property increases in value over time.
Arrears:
The amount of an overdue account
Asking Price:
This is the price the agent and owner are asking for. In real estate the asking price is rarely the price the property actually sells for.
Assets:
These are money, property, shares or anything of value, which is owned and can be given a dollar value
Assignment:
The process of transferring the mortgage of a property to another person.
Auction:
Selling a property by offering it simultaneously to potential buyers and selling it to the highest bidder
BAD (Bank Account Debits tax):
Most states and territories (except ACT) use this to tax withdrawals from accounts on which a cheque may be drawn.
Bad Debt
: A debt where the lender assesses that there is little chance of retrieving the money
Balance Sheet:
A statement of accounts that shows an enterprise's assets, liabilities and net equity.
Balloon Payment:
A large loan payment to clear a debt.
Bank Cheque
: A cheque written in the name of the bank. The bank will stand by these cheques and the receiver of the cheque does not have to wait for monies to be cleared.
Bankruptcy:
When a person is deemed incapable of honouring his/her debts and a receiver is appointed to manage that person's or company's affairs.
Bearer:
Usually in relation to cheques, the person who presents the cheque to the bank
Body Corporate:
This is the administrative body made up of all the owners of property in a strata plan. Strata plans are a form of joint ownership usually found in blocks of units and flats, but also increasingly found in commercial and industrial properties.
Bond:
Money held by or on behalf of a landlord to cover losses incurred by damage or non-payment of rent by tenants. Most states now have a Rental Bond Board, which holds the money in trust until the end of the lease.
Boundary:
The perimeter of a property.
Brick Veneer:
A type of construction in which a structural timber frame is tied to a non-load bearing, single-brick external wall.
Bridging Finance:
A short-term loan taken out by a buyer that covers a financial gap between the purchase of a new property and the sale of an old property.
Building Code:
Regulations usually determined by local councils and sometimes by state governments that regulate the size and type of building that can be constructed in a particular area.
Capital:
Money, property or other possessions of value which can be used to create income or wealth.
Capital Expenditure:
The money spent to add to the long-term value or usefulness of a property.
Capital Gain:
The increase in total value of a property or other asset over time.
Capital Gains Tax:
A Federal tax on the monetary gain made on the sale of an asset bought and sold after September 1985.
Capped Loan:
A loan that is variable in its interest rate but which has an upper limit on its interest rate but not a lower limit.
Cash Flow:
A measure of cash inflow and outflow from the business. Positive cash flow means more money is coming into the business than is leaving it. Negative cash flow is the reverse.
Caveat:
From the Latin for "beware". It usually indicates a particular part of a contract is conditional on an external factor that cannot be fully controlled within the terms of the contract.
Caveat Emptor:
From the Latin for "Let the buyer beware". This usually indicates that the onus is on the buyer to make sure that certain aspects of the property satisfy his/her requirements.
Certificate of Occupancy:
Granted by a council to a developer to indicate that a property complies with building and other codes.
Certificate of Title:
Proof of ownership and dimensions of a property from relevant State or Territory department.
Chattels:
Something which is owned. Real chattels are buildings and fixtures. Personal chattels are clothes and furniture.
Clear Title:
Title to a property which is unencumbered by legal disputes, liens or other doubts and claims.
Cluster Housing:
Densely packed houses or townhouses that share a common space.
Collateral:
An asset (such as a car or a home) that guarantees the repayment of a loan. The borrower risks losing the asset if the loan is not repaid according to the terms of the loan contract.
Commission
A part of the sale price paid to an agent for his/her role in the transaction
Common Property:
Parts of a strata title property that is shared by all owners, e.g. a garden or common laundry.
Company Title:
A form of common ownership of a block of flats structured in the form of a company.
Compound Interest:
Interest that is paid on both the accumulated interest as well as on the original principal.
Contract:
The agreement to make an exchange. That is to the legally enforceable agreement to buy and sell a property. Written contracts are usually exchanged when the deposit is paid.
Conveyancing:
The process by which title of a property is transferred.
Cooling-off Period :
The legal entitlement of a property purchaser to withdraw from a contract by giving written notice within three clear business days after the Contract of Sale or Contract Note is signed. However, there are some circumstances where the cooling-off period does not apply. These should be investigated by the buyer.
Covenant:
A condition or contract term that specifies a particular use or constraint of use on a property.
Cover Note:
Temporary insurance for a property issued before a full policy is issued and paid for.
Credit History:
An individual's or company's history of paying back debt.
CRAA (Credit Reference Association of Australia):
The organisation that keeps records of individuals' credit history.
Credit:
Borrowed money to be paid back under an arrangement with a lender. Also, a sum of money paid into an account.
Creditor:
The person or organisation to whom money is owed.
Debtor:
Someone who owes money to someone else.
Deed:
A document that confirms ownership or title to a property.
Default:
The breaching of a contract, usually because of failure to make mortgage repayments.
Deposit:
An initial part payment for a property made to secure the purchase until the balance of the payment has been made.
Depreciation:
The amount a property or other asset declines in value over time.
Disbursement:
A payment made to settle or partly settle a debt or liability.
Disposable Income:
The amount of money left after regular unavoidable expenses have been met.
Drawdown:
The provision or giving of loan funds by a bank to a lender
Dual Occupancy:
Zoning that allows more than one dwelling to situated one piece of land
Easement:
A right to use or gain access to the property of one party by another, usually for access across one property to another.
EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer):
electronic transfer of funds from one bank account to another.
Encumbrance:
When an outstanding liability or loan is secured against a property the owner may be prevented from freely disposing of the property.
Equity:
The value of the property after taking account of debts and liabilities owed on the property.
Equity Loan:
A loan in which equity in a property is used as the security for the loan.
Establishment Fees:
Fees charged by the lender to set up the loan.
Estate:
The property and other assets left by a person after he or she dies.
Exchange of Contracts:
When buyer and seller swap signed contracts indicating a legal agreement to exchange the property
Executor:
The person assigned to manage the assets and income of an estate after a person has died.
FID (Financial Institutions Duty):
A State government tax levied on the receipts of banks and other financial institutions.
Fittings:
Items which are attached to a property but which can be removed without harming the property.
Fixed Rate Mortgage:
A mortgage in which the interest rate has been fixed at a constant rate for the duration of the loan.
Fixtures:
Items that would cause damage to a property if removed.
Foreclosure:
When a borrower has the right to the property taken away - usually by the lender when repayments have not been made.
Freehold:
When the title to the a property is held indefinitely
Garnishee:
To take a part of someone's income to meet a legal obligation. Usually the result of a court order to make repayment of a debt or meet obligations such as Child Support.
Gazumping:
When a seller agrees to a sale price with a party but then subsequently sells to another party which has offered a higher price.
Gearing:
The measurement or ratio of borrowed money compared to its security or deposit.
Gross Income:
the full amount earned by a person before any deductions such as tax are taken out.
Guarantor:
A person who guarantees that a loan taken by another person will be paid. The guarantor is liable for the debt if the borrower cannot pay.
Holding Deposit:
A short-term, initial sum of money given to a seller or agent to secure purchase of a property until a full deposit is paid.
Home Improvement Loan:
A loan made to renovate or improve a home in which collateral for the loan is equity in the house itself.
ILR(Indicator Lending Rate):
The rate of interest that is used to calculate the variable loan rates.
Inclusions:
All the separate items nominated that are included with a property.
Interest:
The amount almost always expressed as a percentage that is paid to the lender for the use of the funds lent to the borrower.
Interest Only:
A loan in which only an interest payment is made during the course of the loan, not any part of the principal. Usually a short-term loan.
Joint Tenancy:
Where two or more tenanats share the use and the rights to a property.
Kickback:
A payment for securing business or a customer. It implies an improper payment where the customer is not aware of the benefit or conflict of interest created by the payment.
Land Tax:
A tax on the value of land levied by state government on the owners of the land.
Lease:
A contract providing use or tenancy of a property for a given period of time.
Leasehold:
The right to use but not to own a property.
Lessee:
A person leasing a property.
Lessor:
The owner of a property that is leased to another person.
Liabilities:
debts or obligations.
Lien:
A legal claim to property as a security against a loan or liability.
Line of Credit:
An agreement with a lender that the customer can borrow a certain amount of money at a time to be specified by the borrower. Interest is not paid until the money has been drawn down.
Liquid Asset:
cash or any other asset that can be quickly converted into cash.
Loan Application Fee:
see Establishment Fee
Loan to Valuation Ratio (LVR):
the ratio between the amount borrowed to purchase a property and the valuation of that property.
Low Start Loan:
A loan where the repayments start low and gradually increase.
Margin:
The difference between the interest indicator rate (see above) and the rate actually charged to borrowers.
Market Value:
The price at which a property could actually be sold at a particular point of time.
Maturity:
the point at which a liability must be met and paid in full.
Minimum Redraw:
the minimum amount that can redrawn from a loan.
Mortgage:
A legal document that pledges a property to the lender as security for payment of a debt.
Mortgagee:
The lender in a mortgage agreement.
Mortgagor:
The borrower in a mortgage agreement.
Mortgage Discharge Fee:
A fee charged by some lending institutions for finalising a loan.
Mortgage Insurance:
An insurance policy that insures the lender against the borrower defaulting on a loan.
Mortgage Offset Account:
A non-interest earning bank account that is offset against a home loan to reduce the total interest payable.
Negative Gearing:
When the income returned on an investment property is less than the cost of the interest on the loan. In some circumstances that gap can be used to reduce tax liability.
Net Income:
Income calculated after tax and sometimes after other deductions such as compulsory superannuation payments.
Net Worth:
The value of a person's assets calculated after deducting the values of his/her debts and liabilities.
Nominee:
A person or organisation that represents or acts for another person.
Notice to Quit:
A notice to a tenant to vacate the property.
Offset Account:
see Mortgage Offset Account
Off the Plan:
To purchase a property before it is completed after having only seen the plans.
Ombudsman:
The Australian Banking Industry Ombudsman (ABIO) will hear complaints against the behavior of banks.
Open Listing:
Where more than one agent is commissioned to sell a property. Generally agents will only be paid a commission if they make the sale.
Overdraft:
An arrangement to borrow on a cheque or other account up to an agreed limit.
Passed In:
A property is 'passed in' at auction if the highest bid fails to meet the reserve price set by the vendor.
Power-of-Attorney:
An authority granted to a person, often a lawyer, to execute agreements and contracts on behalf the person granting the authority.
Qualified Acceptance:
Accepting an offer subject to a condition or conditions.
Qualified Buyer:
A buyer who has already organised his/her funds for a purchase.
Real Property:
Land, with or without improvements.
Redraw Facility:
A loan in which the borrower can redraw or take back money if he has paid back more than the minimum amount.
Redraw Fee:
A fee to cover the lender's administration costs when a borrower redraws from his/her account.
Refinance:
Taking out a new loan to pay off an existing loan or loans.
REI (Real Estate Institute of Australia):
National representative body of real estate agents. Requisitions on Title - A process where the buyer requests additional information about the title of the property from the vendor.
Reserve Price:
Specified minimum price acceptable to a seller at auction.
Right of First Refusal:
A provision in an agreement that gives a party the first opportunity to purchase or lease the property.
Rise and Fall Clause:
Provides for an upward or downward contract price, which correlates to the movement of prices, wages or other factors, specified in the clause, usually found in building contracts.
Search:
An examination by the buyer to ensure that there are no encumbrances or liabilities associated with the property.
Second Mortgage:
A mortgage that, on the sale of a property, is paid off only when the first mortgage is paid.
Security:
An asset that a lender can claim in the event of a default on a loan, usually the house itself.
Semi:
detached - Two houses that share a common wall or walls.
Settlement Date:
The day on which final payments are made on a purchase and possession of the property changes hands.
Signatory:
a person authorised to access a bank or other account.
Stamp Duty:
A tax on the transfer of property or other assets such as shares.
Strata Title:
This title grants ownership of a 'unit' of a larger building which may be sold, leased or transferred at the discretion of the owner of the strata title.
Stratum Title:
see Company Title.
Survey:
A plan that shows the boundaries of the land and of the buildings and other structures on a block of land.
Tenants in Common:
the holding of property by two or more persons. If one party dies, the property is divided according to law.
Tenancy:
The right to occupy a property under agreed terms and conditions.
Term:
The period of time over which a loan is to run.
Title Search:
An examination to check that the vendor has the right to sell and transfer ownership of the property.
Torrens Title:
A system of recording property ownership where registration on the Certificate of Title guarantees ownership.
Town House:
Usually a two storey dwelling registered under a strata title.
Transfer:
A document registered with the Land Titles Office that confirms the change of ownership as noted on the Certificate of Title.
Trustee:
A fiduciary who holds or controls property for the benefit of another.
Unsecured Loan:
A loan that is not backed up by collateral.
Utilities:
The private or public service facilities such as gas, electricity, telephone, water, and sewer that are provided as part of the development of the land.
Valuation:
A written analysis of the estimated value of a property prepared by a qualified valuer.
Variable Interest Rate:
A rate that varies in accordance with the rates in the marketplace.
Vendor:
The seller of a property.
Vendor Statement:
A statement by the seller to the buyer detailing material particulars regarding the property.
Void:
Having no legal force or effect.
Yield:
The interest earned or return by an investor on an investment, stated as a percentage of the amount invested.
Zoning:
Local Government guidelines as to the permitted uses of land and buildings on that land

 

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